{"id":3785,"date":"2023-07-04T14:32:54","date_gmt":"2023-07-04T06:32:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lcettsg.cn\/code\/?p=3785"},"modified":"2023-07-10T14:00:41","modified_gmt":"2023-07-10T06:00:41","slug":"mark-twain-mirror-of-america","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lcettsg.cn\/code\/?p=3785","title":{"rendered":"Mark Twain–Mirror of America"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Mark Twain (peer review)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sole, incomparable, the Lincoln of our literature.—-W.D. Howells (My Mark Twain, 1910)
Mark Twain is the first real American writer, we are all his inheritors.—-William Faulkner.
All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn. … There was nothing before. There has been nothing as good since. – – Ernest Hemingway (The Green Hills of Africa , 1935)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On Pseudonym(\u95f2\u8bdd\u51e0\u5bb6\u7b14\u540d\uff09
Mark Twain–Samuel Langhorne Clemens
George Eliot–Mary Ann Evans
O.Henry–William Sydney Porter
Gorkey(hardship)–\u9ad8\u5c14\u57fa
\u7a46\u65e6–\u67e5\u826f\u94ee
\u6d77\u5b50–\u67e5\u6d77\u751f
\u9c81\u8fc5–\u5468\u6811\u4eba 200\u591a\u4e2a\u7b14\u540d\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u9c81\u8fc5\u6bcd\u4eb2\u59d3\u9c81\uff0c\u5c0f\u540d\u8fc5\u54e5\u513f
\u83ab\u8a00–\u7ba1\u8c1f\u4e1a \u82f1\u6587\u540d shut up \u4ece\u5c0f\u7231\u8bf4\u8bdd\u7231\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5e0c\u671b\u5176\u5c11\u8a00
\u5f53\u5e74\u660e\u6708\u3001\u5b54\u4e8c\u72d7\u3001\u516d\u516d
\u6b66\u5cf0 brother five <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Learning objectives<\/p>\n\n\n\n

language axis(focused):new words\/ paraphrasing\/ translation\/ figure of speech
culture axis (panoramic):\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5168\u666f\u5f0f\u7406\u89e3 Historical\/social context\/ Literature appreciation & interpretation \/Further resourses and recommended readings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A feature article(\u4e13\u9898\u6587\u7ae0\u3001\u7279\u5199) in National Geographic (not only about geography but related aspects including people, culture, environment issues and history etc) in 1975.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Not centered on literary criticism but organized on the geographical map of Mark Twain’s life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9ea6\u5361\u9521 \u7535\u5f71\u300a\u8001\u65e0\u6240\u4f9d\u300b\u300a\u672b\u65e5\u5371\u9014\u300b\u300a\u8840\u8272\u5b50\u5348\u7ebf\u300bCormac MaCarthy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Geographical names and major events in American history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How the geographical locations generated Mark Twain’s major works.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

sketch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

satire:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Multiple images of Mark Twain<\/strong>
In common reader’s eyes: adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous
In the author’s eyes: cynical, bitter, penetrating, pessimistic or even misanthropic on humanity. ” a fiendish world …… the damned human race” <\/p>\n\n\n\n

idyll\uff1a n. short piece of poetry or prose that describes a happy and peaceful scene or event, esp. of country life.
idyllic: adj. of idyll, a simple happy period of life, often in the country, or a scene from such a time<\/mark>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n

glade: noun<\/em><\/strong> (literary<\/em>) a\u00a0small\u00a0open\u00a0area\u00a0of\u00a0grass\u00a0in\u00a0a\u00a0wood\u00a0or\u00a0a\u00a0forest\u00a0\u6797\u4e2d\u7a7a\u5730<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

cynical: sarcastic[s\u0251\u02d0\u02c8k\u00e6st\u026ak<\/strong>], sneering, seeing little or no good in anything and skeptical about human progress.
cynic: person who believes that people do not do things for good, sincere or noble reasons, but only for their own advantage.
Cynicism: a school of ancient Greek philosophy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

diogenes: \u7f8e[da\u026a\u02c8\u0251d\u0292\u0259\u02ccniz] \u82f1[dai\u02c8\u0254d\u0292ini:z]\u7b2c\u6b27\u6839\u5c3c\uff0c\u7ea6\u516c\u5143\u524d412\u2014\u524d324\uff0c\u201c\u9521\u8bfa\u5e15\u7684\u7b2c\u6b27\u6839\u5c3c\u201d\uff08\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a<\/a>\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u94f8\u5e01\u5382\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u00a0[1]<\/sup>\u00a0<\/a>\u00a0\uff0c\u72ac\u5112\u5b66\u6d3e<\/a>\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u6d3b\u8dc3\u4e8e\u516c\u5143\u524d4\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u751f\u4e8e\u9521\u8bfa\u5e15<\/a>\uff08\u03a3\u03b9\u03bd\u03c0\u03b7\uff0cSinopeus\uff0c\u73b0\u5c5e\u571f\u8033\u5176<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u5352\u4e8e\u79d1\u6797\u65af<\/a>\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u751f\u5e73\u96be\u4ee5\u8003\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u53e4\u4ee3\u7559\u4e0b\u5927\u91cf\u6709\u5173\u4ed6\u7684\u4f20\u95fb\u8f76\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

altruism: noun<\/em><\/strong> [uncountable]\u00a0(formal<\/em>) the\u00a0fact\u00a0of\u00a0caring\u00a0about\u00a0the\u00a0needs\u00a0and\u00a0happiness\u00a0of\u00a0other\u00a0people\u00a0 and\u00a0being\u00a0willing\u00a0to\u00a0do\u00a0things\u00a0to\u00a0help\u00a0them,\u00a0even\u00a0if\u00a0it\u00a0brings\u00a0no\u00a0advantage\u00a0to\u00a0yourself\u00a0\u5229\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

nihilism: BrE\/\u02c8na\u026a\u026al\u026az\u0259m\/<\/strong>NAmE\/\u02c8na\u026a\u026al\u026az\u0259m\/<\/strong><\/em> noun<\/em><\/strong> [uncountable]\u00a0(philosophy<\/em>\u00a0\u54f2) the\u00a0belief\u00a0that\u00a0life\u00a0has \u00a0no\u00a0meaning or \u00a0purpose \u00a0and \u00a0that \u00a0religious and \u00a0moral\u00a0principles\u00a0have\u00a0no\u00a0value\u00a0\u865a\u65e0\u4e3b\u4e49<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

obsess: fill the mind continuously, AmE, to worry\/ be distressed continuously and unnecessarily.
obsess\/ haunt \/ preoccupy
frailty: weakness of character or behaviour,vulnerability
\u201cFrailty, thy name is woman.\u201d –Hamlet<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Treatise on Civil War (1861-1865)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Confederate States of America\/ Confederacy (11 states)<\/strong>
The government established by the southern states of the US after their official separation from the union. When president Lincoln was elected (Nov.1860) and opposed the expansion of slavery, seven states \u2014\u2014South Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, and Texas, seceded . A provisional government was set up at Montgomery, Ala, and a constitution was drafted. Later four
more states\u2014\u2014 Arkansas,North Carolina, Virginia, and Tennessee \u2014- joined.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Basics:<\/strong>
South \u2014 Confederacy (Genera Robert Eaward Lee)
North — the Union (General Ulysses Grant)
Began in Fort Sumter in April 1861\u2014\u2014ended by Lee’s surrender to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse (town in cent. Va) in Apr. 1865\u2014\u2014750,000 soldiers dead and unclear on the casualties of civilians.
Reconstruction (Andrew Johnson & Grant)
Civil war — war of economy, justice or humanity?
The Gilded Age by Twain (prosperous but corrupted)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation of Freedom & Equality<\/strong>
\u2026in the presence of God, and one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic; for our better ordering, and preservation and furtherance of the ends aforesaid; and by virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the colony; unto which we promise all due submission and obedience.
—-Mayflower Compact (1620)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mark Twain (peer review) Sole, incomparable, the Lincol […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3785","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lcettsg.cn\/code\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3785"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lcettsg.cn\/code\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lcettsg.cn\/code\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lcettsg.cn\/code\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lcettsg.cn\/code\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3785"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/www.lcettsg.cn\/code\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3785\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3849,"href":"https:\/\/www.lcettsg.cn\/code\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3785\/revisions\/3849"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lcettsg.cn\/code\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3785"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lcettsg.cn\/code\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3785"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lcettsg.cn\/code\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3785"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}