{"id":577,"date":"2022-08-05T10:34:45","date_gmt":"2022-08-05T02:34:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lcettsg.cn\/code\/?p=577"},"modified":"2022-08-09T08:44:59","modified_gmt":"2022-08-09T00:44:59","slug":"google-launches-carbon-an-experimental-replacement-for-c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lcettsg.cn\/code\/?p=577","title":{"rendered":"Google Launches Carbon, an Experimental Replacement for C++"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Frustrated by the slow evolution of the C++, Google engineers have launched a new \u201cexperimental\u201d open source programming language, called Carbon, as a possible successor to the venerable<\/mark><\/strong> but aging C++.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Just as Microsoft built<\/a> Typescript to update JavaScript, and Kotlin was created to shore up<\/mark><\/strong> weaknesses in Java, Carbon could serve as a successor language<\/a> to C++, one that offers an easy jumping off point for developers to a newer language that addresses modern development concepts such as memory safety and generics.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Google engineer Chandler Carruth<\/a> introduced the language this week at the CPP North<\/a> C++ conference in Toronto<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wither C++<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Long the language of choice for building performance-critical applications, C++ is plagued with<\/mark><\/strong> a number of issues that hamper modern developers, Carruth explained<\/a> on a GitHub page.  It has accumulated decades of technical debt, bringing with it many of the outdated practices that were part of the language\u2019s predecessor, C. The keepers of C++ prioritize<\/mark><\/strong> backward compatibility, in order to continue to support widely-used projects such as Linux and its package management ecosystem, Carruth charged.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The language\u2019s evolution is also stymied<\/mark><\/strong> by a bureaucratic <\/mark><\/strong>committee process, oriented around standardization rather than design. Which can make it difficult to add new features.  C++ has largely a sequestered<\/mark><\/strong> development process, in which a select committee<\/a> makes the important decisions, in a waterfall process that can take years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe committee structure is designed to ensure representation of nations and companies, rather than building an inclusive and welcoming team and community of experts and people actively contributing to the language,\u201d Carruth wrote. \u201cAccess to the committee and standard is restricted and expensive, attendance is necessary to have a voice, and decisions are made by live votes of those present.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Carruth wants to build Carbon by a more open community-led environment<\/a>. The project will be maintained on GitHub<\/a>, and discussed on Discord<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Carbon began as a Google internal project, the development team ultimately wants to reduce contributions from Google, or any other single company, to less than 50% by the end of the year. They ultimately want to  hand the project off to an independent software foundation, where its development will be led by volunteers<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Live updates from @chandlerc1024<\/a>\u2018s @CppNorth<\/a> 2022 keynote! 1\/ \ud83e\uddf5 pic.twitter.com\/N6ll6esoIH<\/a><\/p>

\u2014 Conor Hoekstra (@code_report) July 19, 2022<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

What\u2019s in the Box?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The design wants to release a core working version (\u201c0.1\u201d) by the end of the year. Carbon will be built on a foundation on modern programming principles, including a generics system<\/a>, that would remove the need to check and recheck the code for each instantiation<\/mark><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another much needed feature lacking in C++ is memory safety. Memory access bugs are one of the largest culprit<\/mark><\/strong>s of security exploit<\/mark><\/strong>s. Carbon designers will look for ways to better track uninitialized states, design APIs and idioms that support dynamic bounds checks, and build a comprehensive default debug build mode. Over time, the designers plan to build a safe Carbon subset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the documentation, the language will support:<\/p>\n\n\n\n